Peatlands are unique ecosystems characterized by the accumulation of partially decomposed organic matter in waterlogged conditions. These wetlands are found in both tropical and temperate regions and play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, acting as important carbon sinks. Peatlands are also biodiversity hotspots, supporting a wide range of plant and animal species that are adapted to the acidic and nutrient-poor conditions of these environments. Research in peatlands typically focuses on understanding their ecological functions, carbon sequestration potential, hydrology, and the impacts of human activities such as drainage and peat extraction. The conservation and restoration of peatlands are also key research areas due to their importance for climate regulation and biodiversity conservation.