Tomography is a technique used in various scientific fields to create detailed 2D or 3D images of the internal structures of an object without physically cutting it open. It involves capturing a series of cross-sectional images taken from different angles and then reconstructing them to generate a comprehensive view of the object's internal composition. Tomography is widely used in medicine, geology, archaeology, and materials science to study and analyze the internal structure of various objects and specimens. The most common types of tomography include X-ray, CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), and PET (Positron Emission Tomography).