Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves analyzing the way in which different substances absorb, emit, or scatter light at different wavelengths. This information can be used to identify and quantify the chemical composition of a sample, as well as provide information about its physical properties and structure. Spectroscopy is widely used in various scientific fields, including chemistry, physics, astronomy, and biology, to study the behavior of atoms and molecules, to identify materials, and to investigate processes in diverse environments. There are several different types of spectroscopy, including infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, each with its own specific applications and techniques.