Instrumentation refers to the tools, devices, and equipment used to gather data, measure variables, or perform experiments in research. This can include a wide range of instruments such as sensors, meters, cameras, microscopes, spectrometers, and more. Instrumentation is essential in many fields of research, including physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and environmental science, providing researchers with the means to accurately collect and analyze data. Advances in instrumentation have allowed for more precise measurements, increased automation, and the ability to study phenomena at increasingly small scales.