Self-assembly is a process in which individual components spontaneously organize themselves into ordered structures or patterns without external intervention. This phenomenon occurs in a wide range of systems, including biological molecules, nanoparticles, polymers, and supramolecular complexes. Self-assembly is a fundamental concept in the fields of chemistry, physics, materials science, and biology, and has important applications in nanotechnology, drug delivery, and materials design. By understanding the principles behind self-assembly, researchers can engineer materials with specific properties and functionalities. Overall, self-assembly research seeks to uncover the underlying mechanisms that govern self-organization in nature, and to harness these principles for the development of novel technologies and materials.