Heterocycles are organic compounds that contain ring structures with at least one atom that is not carbon. These atoms can include nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or other elements, which gives heterocycles unique properties and reactivity compared to simple carbon-based compounds. Heterocycles are widely found in naturally occurring molecules, pharmaceuticals, and other important organic compounds. Research in heterocycles involves studying their synthesis, reactivity, and biological activities, as well as developing new and efficient methods for their preparation. This field of study is important for drug discovery, materials science, and organic chemistry research.