Biosorption is a sustainable and cost-effective method for removing heavy metals, organic compounds, and other pollutants from contaminated water and wastewater. In biosorption, living or non-living biomass, such as bacteria, fungi, algae, or agricultural waste materials, are used as sorbents to bind and remove pollutants from the water. This process relies on the natural ability of certain biomass materials to absorb or adsorb pollutants onto their surfaces, making it an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional wastewater treatment methods. Researchers in this area study the mechanisms of biosorption, develop new biosorbents, optimize biosorption processes, and explore potential applications in various industries.