Biosensors are analytical devices that combine a biological component, such as enzymes, antibodies, or living cells, with a physicochemical detector to provide specific and quantitative information about biological or chemical processes. These sensors are used to detect and measure various biological analytes, such as proteins, DNA, glucose, and pathogens, in fields such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Biosensors offer advantages such as high sensitivity, rapid response time, portability, and cost-effectiveness, making them valuable tools for a wide range of applications. Researchers continue to explore new materials, technologies, and strategies to improve biosensor performance and expand their capabilities.