Biomarkers are measurable indicators in biological processes or conditions that can be used to assess health or disease status. These markers can include molecules, genes, proteins, or other substances that are specific to a particular disease or condition, and can be detected through blood, urine, tissue, or other bodily fluids. Biomarkers are used in research and clinical practice to diagnose diseases, monitor disease progression, predict outcomes, and evaluate treatment responses. They play a critical role in personalized medicine, helping healthcare providers tailor treatments to individual patients based on their unique biomarker profiles. Biomarkers are also important tools in drug development, as they can be used to identify potential drug targets and evaluate drug efficacy and safety. Overall, biomarkers are essential in advancing our understanding of disease mechanisms, improving diagnostic accuracy, and optimizing patient care.