Targeting refers to the process of identifying and selecting a specific group of individuals or entities as the focus of a research study or marketing campaign. In research, targeting involves defining a specific population or sample to study in order to draw conclusions about that group. This can involve selecting participants based on certain characteristics, behaviors, or demographics in order to gain insights into a particular issue or phenomenon. Targeting is also commonly used in marketing to identify and reach a specific audience for a product or service. This can involve segmenting the market based on factors such as age, gender, income level, purchasing behavior, or geographic location in order to tailor marketing strategies and messages to appeal to the target audience. Overall, targeting is a crucial aspect of both research and marketing, as it allows for more focused and effective communication and analysis based on the specific characteristics of the selected group.