Surface-emitting is a research area focused on developing light-emitting devices, such as lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), that emit light perpendicular to the surface of the device. This is in contrast to traditional edge-emitting devices, which emit light from the edges of the device. Surface-emitting devices offer advantages such as higher power density, higher efficiency, and easier integration into optical systems. Research in this area aims to improve the performance and design of surface-emitting devices for applications in telecommunications, sensing, and displays.