Plant breeding is the scientific process of creating new plant varieties with desired characteristics through controlled pollination and selection. This field aims to improve crop yields, enhance resistance to pests and diseases, increase tolerance to environmental stresses, and improve overall quality of plants for agricultural and horticultural purposes. Plant breeding utilizes knowledge of genetics, genomics, and plant physiology to manipulate the genetic makeup of plants and develop new varieties that meet the needs of farmers and consumers. By selecting for specific traits over multiple generations, plant breeders can create plants that are better suited to meet the challenges of modern agriculture and food production.