Misinformation refers to false or inaccurate information that is spread, often unintentionally, either through social media, news outlets, or word of mouth. This can include rumors, hoaxes, conspiracy theories, and misleading or misrepresented facts. Misinformation can have serious consequences, such as influencing public opinion, spreading fear or panic, and leading to harmful actions or decisions. Researchers studying misinformation explore its causes, effects, and how it can be countered or corrected through fact-checking, media literacy, and other strategies.