Disinformation refers to the deliberate spread of false or misleading information with the intention to deceive or manipulate others. This can include rumors, hoaxes, propaganda, and fake news spread through various media platforms such as social media, websites, and traditional news outlets. The impact of disinformation can be widespread and harmful, leading to confusion, division, and even violence in some cases. Researchers in this area study the methods, motivations, and consequences of disinformation, as well as ways to combat and mitigate its effects on society.