MicroRNA regulation is a field of research that focuses on understanding the mechanisms by which small RNA molecules known as microRNAs regulate gene expression in living cells. MicroRNAs play a critical role in a wide range of biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Researchers in this area study how microRNAs bind to specific target messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, typically leading to the inhibition of protein production from those mRNAs. This regulation of gene expression by microRNAs is essential for maintaining normal cellular function and is often dysregulated in various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the complex network of interactions between microRNAs and their target mRNAs is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for treating diseases that result from dysregulation of gene expression. Research in this field also explores the potential of microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for disease, as well as their use in gene therapy and personalized medicine.