Microbes, also known as microorganisms, are microscopic organisms that are ubiquitous in the environment and play essential roles in various biological processes. They include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses. Microbes are involved in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and symbiotic relationships with plants and animals. They also have significant impacts on human health, as both beneficial probiotic microbes and harmful pathogens. Research in the field of microbiology aims to understand the diversity, evolution, and ecology of microbes, as well as their interactions with other organisms and their environments. Advances in microbiology have led to important applications in medicine, agriculture, biotechnology, and environmental science.