Research area formulation is the process of defining and outlining the scope, objectives, and goals of a research project. This involves identifying the research problem or question, reviewing existing literature and research on the topic, and determining the specific aims and objectives of the study. Research area formulation helps to provide clarity and direction to the research process, guiding researchers in designing their study, selecting appropriate methods, and interpreting their findings. It is a crucial step in the research process, as it sets the foundation for the entire study and helps to ensure that the research is focused, relevant, and meaningful.