Excavation is a research area that involves the careful digging and removal of material from archaeological sites in order to uncover and study artifacts, structures, and other remains from past civilizations. This process is typically carried out using a variety of tools and techniques, such as trowels, shovels, brushes, and screens, to ensure that artifacts are excavated and documented in a controlled and systematic manner. Excavation is a crucial part of archaeological research as it helps to provide insights into the history, culture, and daily life of ancient societies. It also helps to preserve and protect important cultural heritage sites for future generations.