Electrophoresis is a technique used in laboratories to separate charged molecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, based on their size and charge. This technique involves applying an electric field to a gel or liquid medium, causing the molecules to migrate towards the electrode with the opposite charge. As the molecules move through the medium, they are separated based on their size and charge, with smaller and more negatively charged molecules traveling faster and farther than larger or less charged molecules. Electrophoresis is commonly used in molecular biology, biochemistry, and forensics for analyzing and characterizing biomolecules. It is a powerful tool for determining the size, shape, and quantity of molecules in a sample.