EGFR, or epidermal growth factor receptor, is a type of cell surface receptor that is involved in regulating multiple cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Dysregulation of EGFR signaling has been linked to various diseases, including cancer. Researchers study EGFR to better understand its role in disease development and progression, with the goal of developing targeted therapies that can inhibit EGFR activity and potentially treat EGFR-associated diseases.