E-commerce, or electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods or services over the internet. This research area focuses on understanding the various technologies, strategies, and trends that drive online transactions and business operations. Researchers in e-commerce explore topics such as online consumer behavior, digital marketing techniques, payment systems, logistical challenges, cybersecurity, and the impact of e-commerce on traditional retail industries. The goal of e-commerce research is to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and innovation of online businesses while also addressing the challenges and risks associated with conducting transactions in the digital marketplace.