Drylands are regions characterized by low and erratic rainfall, resulting in limited water availability and moisture. These areas cover approximately 41% of the Earth's land surface and are home to over 2 billion people. Drylands can be found in various climates, including desert and semi-arid regions. Research in drylands focuses on understanding the unique ecological systems and biodiversity that have adapted to survive in harsh conditions, as well as the challenges faced by human populations living in these areas. This includes studying the impacts of climate change, land degradation, and water scarcity on both natural ecosystems and human communities. Scientists and researchers in this field work to develop sustainable land and water management strategies to improve the resilience of dryland ecosystems and support the livelihoods of local populations. This research also addresses issues such as desertification, food security, and poverty alleviation in dryland regions around the world.