Cytokines are a broad category of small proteins that play a vital role in the immune system by regulating various biological processes, including inflammation, immunity, and cell signaling. These proteins are produced by a variety of cells, including immune cells, and act as messengers to communicate between different cells in the body. Cytokines can have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and dysregulation of cytokine production can lead to various diseases and conditions, including autoimmune disorders and chronic inflammation. Studying cytokines and their functions is an important area of research in immunology and has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches for treating immune-related diseases.