Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by the soil-dwelling fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. This infection primarily affects the lungs, but can also spread to other parts of the body such as the skin, bones, and central nervous system. Coccidioidomycosis is commonly found in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. Symptoms of coccidioidomycosis can vary from mild flu-like symptoms to more severe respiratory issues and disseminated disease. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests, imaging studies, and cultures of infected tissues. Treatment of coccidioidomycosis usually involves antifungal medications, such as fluconazole or itraconazole, and can last for several months to years depending on the severity of the infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue. Research in coccidioidomycosis focuses on understanding the mechanisms of the fungal infection, developing more effective diagnostic tools and treatments, and identifying risk factors for developing severe forms of the disease.