Comorbidities refer to the presence of two or more chronic medical conditions or diseases in a single individual. These conditions may occur simultaneously or one may exacerbate the other. Understanding comorbidities is important in clinical practice as they can complicate treatment, affect prognosis, and increase healthcare costs. Research in comorbidities focuses on identifying common patterns of co-occurring conditions, understanding their underlying mechanisms, and improving patient outcomes through tailored treatment approaches. By studying comorbidities, healthcare providers can better manage complex cases and improve overall quality of care for patients with multiple medical conditions.