Carbonates are compounds that contain the carbonate ion (CO3^2-), which consists of a carbon atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. The most common example of a carbonate is calcium carbonate, which is found in rocks such as limestone and marble. Carbonates play a significant role in geological processes, as they are important components of sedimentary rocks and are involved in the carbon cycle. In addition, carbonates are used in various industrial applications, such as in the production of cement and as a source of carbon dioxide in carbonation reactions. Research in the field of carbonates explores their formation, properties, and interactions with other compounds, as well as their potential applications in various industries.