Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances, such as pathogens or toxins. These antibodies work by recognizing and binding to specific molecules, known as antigens, on the surface of pathogens, marking them for destruction by other components of the immune system. Antibodies play a crucial role in defending the body against infections and can also be used in diagnostics, therapeutics, and research. The study of antibodies, known as immunology, focuses on understanding their structure, function, and mechanisms of action. This research area is important for developing new treatments for various diseases and improving our understanding of the immune system.