Vulcanization is a chemical process used to improve the properties of rubber, such as elasticity, strength, and durability. It involves the addition of sulfur and high heat to rubber compounds, which causes the rubber molecules to cross-link and form a three-dimensional network. This process was discovered by Charles Goodyear in the 19th century and revolutionized the rubber industry by making rubber products more durable and resilient. Vulcanization is a key process in the production of tires, hoses, belts, and other rubber products.