Toxicity refers to the harmful effects that a substance can have on living organisms, typically due to exposure or ingestion. This research area focuses on understanding the mechanisms by which toxic substances interact with biological systems, the potential health risks associated with exposure to these substances, and strategies for evaluating and mitigating toxicity. Researchers in this field may study a wide range of toxic substances, including chemicals, drugs, environmental pollutants, and natural toxins, and investigate their effects on various organisms, from cells and tissues to whole organisms. Toxicology is a related field that specifically deals with the study of the effects of toxic substances on living organisms.