TNFα, short for tumor necrosis factor alpha, is a cytokine that plays a key role in the immune response and inflammation. It is produced by various cell types, including macrophages, T cells, and natural killer cells, and is involved in a wide range of physiological processes, such as the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Dysregulation of TNFα has been implicated in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Research in this area often focuses on understanding the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of TNFα, as well as developing therapies that target TNFα for the treatment of various diseases.