Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another with different optical densities. This phenomenon occurs due to a change in the speed of light as it travels through different media, causing the light rays to change direction. Refraction plays a crucial role in various optical systems, such as lenses, prisms, and cameras, as well as in natural phenomena like rainbows and mirages. Researchers in the field of refraction study the principles and behaviors of light refraction and its applications in various scientific and technological fields.