Protoplanets are young planetary bodies that are in the early stages of formation within a protoplanetary disk, which is a rotating disk of gas and dust surrounding a young star. These bodies are thought to be the precursors to planets and are characterized by their relatively small size and lack of a fully formed atmosphere or surface features. Protoplanets form through the process of accretion, where smaller particles within the disk collide and clump together to form larger bodies. Studying protoplanets can provide insights into the early stages of planetary formation and the processes that govern the evolution of planetary systems.