Power grids refer to the interconnected system of transmission lines, substations, generators, and other infrastructure that allows electricity to be generated, transmitted, and distributed to homes, businesses, and other users. Researchers in this area focus on improving the reliability, efficiency, and sustainability of power grids by developing new technologies, improving existing systems, and studying the impacts of renewable energy sources, energy storage, and smart grid technologies. Key research topics in power grids include grid modernization, grid stability, grid integration of renewables, demand response, and grid resilience. By addressing these challenges, researchers aim to create a more reliable, secure, and sustainable energy system for the future.