Photovoltaics, also known as solar photovoltaics, is a research area focused on the study and development of technologies that convert sunlight into electricity. This is typically done using solar panels composed of photovoltaic cells, which absorb sunlight and convert it into electric current. Photovoltaic systems are a sustainable and renewable energy source that can be used for a variety of applications, including powering homes, businesses, and even entire cities. Researchers in the field of photovoltaics are constantly working to improve the efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness of solar technologies in order to increase their widespread adoption and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.