Peristalsis is a biological process that involves the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, creating a wave-like movement that propels food and fluids through the digestive system. This process is essential for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as the elimination of waste products. Peristalsis is regulated by the autonomic nervous system and various hormones, and disruptions in this process can result in various digestive disorders such as constipation, diarrhea, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Researchers study peristalsis to better understand its underlying mechanisms, develop treatments for digestive disorders, and improve overall gastrointestinal health.