Perioperative refers to the time period before, during, and after a surgical procedure. Research in the field of perioperative care focuses on optimizing patient outcomes and safety throughout this entire process. This includes preoperative assessment and preparation, intraoperative management, and postoperative care. Key areas of study in perioperative research include anesthesia techniques, pain management, surgical site infection prevention, patient monitoring, and recovery protocols. The goal of perioperative research is to enhance the quality of care and reduce complications for surgical patients.