Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that involves the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. It is a common and chronic condition that primarily affects the joints in the knees, hips, hands, and spine. Osteoarthritis causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in the affected joints, leading to reduced mobility and quality of life. Research in osteoarthritis aims to understand the underlying causes of the disease, develop effective treatments to manage symptoms, and explore strategies for preventing its progression. This includes studying risk factors, genetic factors, inflammatory processes, biomechanics, and potential therapeutic interventions such as medications, physical therapy, and surgery.