Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders and diseases. This field encompasses a wide range of conditions, including refractive errors like nearsightedness and farsightedness, eye infections, glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal disorders. Ophthalmologists are trained to perform eye exams, prescribe corrective lenses, perform surgeries, and provide ongoing care for eye conditions. Research in ophthalmology aims to improve understanding of the eye and develop new treatments and technologies to enhance vision and prevent vision loss.