Nanoparticles are small particles with dimensions typically between 1 and 100 nanometers. They possess unique physical and chemical properties due to their size, shape, and composition. Nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in various fields such as medicine, electronics, cosmetics, and environmental remediation. Research in this area focuses on synthesizing and characterizing nanoparticles, studying their properties, and exploring their potential uses in different industries. This research area is interdisciplinary, involving fields such as chemistry, physics, biology, and materials science. Major challenges in nanoparticle research include controlling their size and shape, understanding their interactions with biological systems, and ensuring their safety and environmental impact.