Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth's surface. This can include minerals such as coal, metals, gemstones, and other materials. Mining operations can vary in scale from small-scale artisanal mining to large-scale industrial mining operations. The process of mining can have significant environmental impacts, including deforestation, habitat destruction, water pollution, and other negative consequences. Sustainable mining practices aim to minimize these impacts and ensure that mining activities are carried out in a responsible and ethical manner.