Microalgae are a diverse group of microorganisms that includes various types of algae, such as diatoms, green algae, and cyanobacteria. These tiny organisms play a crucial role in ecosystems as primary producers, converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. In recent years, microalgae have gained significant attention for their potential applications in various fields, including biofuel production, wastewater treatment, and as a sustainable source of food and feed for humans and animals. These organisms have a high growth rate and can be cultivated in a wide range of conditions, making them a promising candidate for sustainable development and environmental protection. Researchers are exploring ways to optimize microalgae cultivation for different purposes, develop efficient harvesting and extraction methods, and enhance the overall productivity and sustainability of microalgae-based systems. Studies in this area also focus on understanding the biochemical composition of microalgae, their metabolic pathways, and genetic modification to improve their performance and yield. Ultimately, microalgae research aims to harness the potential of these tiny organisms to address current environmental, energy, and food challenges.