Manufacturing is the process of creating goods or products through the use of machinery, tools, and labor. It involves transforming raw materials or components into finished products that can be sold to consumers. Manufacturing encompasses a wide range of industries and sectors, including automotive, electronics, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and more. The goal of manufacturing is to produce high-quality products efficiently and cost-effectively. This research area focuses on improving manufacturing processes, technologies, supply chain management, sustainability, and innovation to enhance efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness in the global marketplace.