Fine-mapping is a research area in genetics and genomics that involves narrowing down the location of specific genetic variants within a genomic region. This process is typically done after genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a broad genomic region associated with a particular trait or disease. Fine-mapping aims to pinpoint the exact genetic variants or causal genes that are responsible for the observed association, which can provide valuable insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the trait or disease. This can help researchers better understand and potentially target specific genetic factors for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Fine-mapping methods often involve the use of high-density genotyping or sequencing techniques to identify and characterize the genetic variants within the region of interest.