Ferromagnetism is a phenomenon in which certain materials exhibit a strong attraction to magnetic fields, causing them to become permanent magnets. This behavior is primarily exhibited by materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, as well as some alloys and compounds. Ferromagnetic materials have a high magnetic permeability which allows them to retain their magnetic properties even after the external magnetic field is removed. The atomic structure of these materials allows their magnetic moments to align in a parallel manner, resulting in a net magnetic field. Research in ferromagnetism aims to understand the underlying mechanisms that govern the magnetic properties of these materials, as well as their potential applications in various fields such as data storage, sensing devices, and magnetic resonance imaging. Scientists also study the effects of temperature, pressure, and external magnetic fields on the behavior of ferromagnetic materials in order to develop new materials with improved magnetic properties.