Ex-vivo research refers to experiments or studies conducted outside of a living organism, typically on tissues or cells that have been removed from the body. This allows researchers to observe and manipulate biological processes in a controlled environment, without the complexities and limitations of a living organism. Ex-vivo research can be used to study mechanisms of disease, test new drugs or treatments, or understand basic biological processes. The results of ex-vivo studies can provide valuable insights and contribute to advancements in medicine and healthcare.