Estimation is a research area within statistics that involves making informed guesses or approximations about various quantities or parameters based on available data. This can include estimating population parameters, such as means and proportions, from sample data, as well as predicting future values or outcomes based on historical data trends. Estimation methods often involve the use of statistical models and techniques to calculate point estimates and confidence intervals for the unknown parameters. The goal of estimation is to quantify uncertainty and provide reliable information for decision-making and inference.