Electrolytes are essential substances that conduct electricity when dissolved in a solvent, such as water. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes in the human body, including nerve signaling, muscle contraction, and maintaining proper fluid balance. Common electrolytes include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate. Imbalances in electrolyte levels can lead to health problems, such as muscle cramps, fatigue, and even life-threatening conditions like heart arrhythmias. Research in the field of electrolytes focuses on understanding their roles in the body, developing methods for detecting and correcting imbalances, and exploring potential therapies for related conditions.