Divergence is a research area in genetics and evolutionary biology that focuses on the process by which populations of organisms accumulate genetic differences over time, leading to the formation of new species. This divergence is driven by various factors such as natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow, and can result in the development of unique traits and adaptations that distinguish different populations or species from one another. Studying divergence can help scientists understand the mechanisms of evolution and biodiversity, as well as how ecological and environmental factors influence the genetic makeup of populations.