Desulfurization is the process of removing sulfur from substances such as fuels, gases, and liquids. This is important because sulfur compounds can contribute to air pollution when burned, leading to harmful emissions such as sulfur dioxide. Desulfurization can be achieved through various methods such as chemical treatments, catalytic reactions, and physical separation processes. This research area aims to develop more efficient and environmentally friendly desulfurization techniques to reduce sulfur emissions and improve air quality.