The cortex is the outermost layer of the brain and plays a crucial role in cognitive functions such as memory, attention, perception, language, and decision-making. It is divided into different regions, each responsible for specific functions. Researchers study the cortex to understand how it processes information, how it is affected by neurological disorders, and how it can be manipulated to improve cognitive abilities. Techniques used in cortical research include neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cognitive testing. The study of the cortex is essential for advancing our understanding of the brain and developing treatments for cognitive deficits and neurological disorders.